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| GUANTANAMO BAY |
US President Barack Obama is expected to sign an executive order to close the Guantanamo Bay prison within a year.
A draft order circulated on Wednesday also called for halting military trials in the prison, where terror suspects had been held for years without trial.
Separate orders are expected to ban abusive interrogations and review the detention of terror suspects.
On his first full day in office on Wednesday, Mr Obama issued orders on government ethics and transparency.
The measures included curbs on lobbying and a pay freeze for senior White House staff. Federal employees will have to sign up to new ethics procedures.
Later Mr Obama and his advisers are expected to discuss the global economic downturn affecting the US and also the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
Sworn again
Late on Wednesday, a panel in the House of Representatives gave its support to a $358bn government spending package, giving the first post-inaugural backing to the Democrats' economic plans.
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Mr Obama - who was sworn in as America's new president on Tuesday - said he was beginning "a new era of openness" in government.
He was sworn in for a second time late on Wednesday, because one word had been out of order when the oath was first administered.
The White House said the ceremony had been repeated in an "abundance of caution".
On Wednesday, the US Senate confirmed the appointment of Hillary Clinton as secretary of state.
Senators earlier approved six Cabinet members, including Janet Napolitano as homeland security secretary and Steven Chu as energy secretary. Several other positions are still to be confirmed.
Trials suspended
The draft executive order on the Guantanamo Bay in Cuba was circulated by the Obama administration on Wednesday.
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"The detention facilities at Guantanamo for individuals covered by this order shall be closed as soon as practicable, and no later than one year from the date of this order," the draft read, according to Reuters.
It says anyone still in detention when the prison is shut "shall be returned to their home country, released, transferred to a third country or transferred to another United States detention facility".
Speaking on condition of anonymity, a White House official said the order would be signed on Thursday.
Mr Obama has repeatedly promised to close the Guantanamo Bay, where some 250 inmates accused of having links to terrorism remain and 21 cases are pending.
On Wednesday, judges suspended several of the military trials of terror suspects at Guantanamo, at Mr Obama's request. One trial involved several men accused in the 11 September attacks in the US.
The legal process has been widely criticised because the US military acts as jailer, judge and jury, the BBC's Jonathan Beale reports from Guantanamo.
However, closing Guantanamo Bay will not be easy, he says. Questions remain over where those charged will be tried and where those freed can be safely sent.
On Thursday, Mr Obama is also expected to issue a separate executive banning abusive interrogation techniques such as waterboarding - a form of simulating drowning used by the CIA.
The president is also expected to order a review of America's detention policies, a White House official said.
The six-member Board of Satyam will begin a crucial two-day meet in Hyderabad on Thursday in an effort to steer the company away from the current crisis following the Rs 7,800 crore financial fraud.
The meeting is the third since the disclosure of the fraud by its head Ramalinga Raju. The Board has the important task of appointing Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the two key posts being looked at for reviving the company.
Meanwhile, the police custody of Ramalinga Raju, the disgraced former head of the company, also ends on Thursday.
Four petitions will come up in Nampally court in Hyderabad on Thursday morning. Those are the CID extension for police custody, Raju's bail petition, SEBI petition to be able to question Raju and Raju's petition for special status inside prison.
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| Israel says it is fighting Hamas, not the people of Gaza |
Violence has continued in the Gaza Strip for a sixth day, after calls for a UN-backed ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian militants foundered.
A series of Israeli air strikes hit the parliament building and the justice ministry. There are reports of damage to a children's hospital.
Rockets fired by Hamas militants have again landed in Beersheba, some 40km (24 miles) inside Israel.
Israel on Wednesday rejected calls for a 48-hour truce to allow aid into Gaza.
A draft UN resolution put forward by Egypt and Libya failed after the US and UK complained that it called on Israel to ends its air assaults but made no mention of Hamas rocket attacks against Israel, which they say started the latest hostilities.
Since the Israeli air offensive began on Saturday, jets and attack helicopters have targeted Hamas security compounds, government buildings, smuggling tunnels under the border with Egypt and homes belonging to militant leaders.
Palestinian officials say 391 Palestinians have died in the Israeli air strikes; four Israelis have been killed by rockets fired from Gaza, which is under Hamas control.
Aid distribution
Palestinians sources say Gaza's Justice Ministry, Legislative Assembly and Education ministry were hit.
A workshop and several money changers' officers were also hit, one of which was close to a children's hospital.
Israel said it targeted at least five smuggling tunnels along the border with Egypt, a weapons manufacturing and storage facility in central Gaza, and a Hamas police command centre in Rafah.
The UN's relief agency, Unwra, says Gaza is facing a dire humanitarian situation and is on the brink of catastrophe.
It has resumed the distribution of food and medical supplies in Gaza.
The agency's Commissioner-General, Karen AbuZayd, said 20,000 people a day had been without food aid for two weeks.
"People are doing pretty badly," she told the BBC.
"We do see for the very first time people going through the rubbish dumps looking for things, people begging, which is quite a new phenomenon."
However, Capt Benjamin Rutland of the Israeli Defence Force told the BBC that enough food and medical supplies were getting through.
Despite the failure of the initial UN talks, diplomatic efforts continue to bring an end to the fighting.
France's President Nicolas Sarkozy has said he would visit the region on Monday, although he is not scheduled to travel to Gaza.
Israel and Hamas say they may consider a ceasefire in the future, but their terms are very different.
Israel wants a permanent end to Hamas rocket attacks, while Hamas wants the Israeli air strikes to stop and the blockade on Gaza to be lifted.
Opinion polls in Israel indicate strong public backing for the air campaign, but support for risky action on the ground is much lower.
However, Israeli Defence Minister Ehud Barak has spoken of "widening and deepening the operation".
The Haaretz newspaper reported on Thursday that the Israeli army had recommended a major but short-term ground offensive.
Israel has massed forces along the boundary with Gaza and has declared the area around it a "closed military zone", leading to speculation a ground offensive into the tiny coastal strip could be imminent.
International reporters have been barred from entering Gaza, however Israel's Supreme Court told the government to allow at least some foreign journalists to enter.
The government was given until Thursday morning to respond.But what are the main news events we should expect over the coming 12 months?
Four top BBC correspondents will be joining Stephen Sackur for BBC Radio 4's Correspondents Look Ahead.
Here they predict the biggest news story of 2009, and explain what they are looking forward to most and least. Each also notes something entertaining they expect to happen.
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The world's leading man in 2009 will undoubtedly be Barack Obama. As the curtain rises on his presidency he wants us all to intone "Yes, We Can." A more useful three-word mantra may be "Hold on tight."
In fact it's going to be a big year for global democracy. Indians, South Africans, Indonesians, Israelis also go to the polls. Jacob Zuma, Binyamin Netanyahu, some of the names of 2009 are already familiar. But look out for imprisoned Marwan Barghouti to become de facto leader of the Palestinians in the next year.
What are you looking forward to most?
2009 promises new beginnings and a whole lot of political excitement. Much of it generated by that man Obama. His presence in the White House will make a difference. The Guantanamo prison camp will be closed, knee-jerk anti-Americanism will lose its populist appeal in much of the world. Elections in Iran and Afghanistan will ask serious questions of those who practise political Islam.
What are you looking forward to least?
Across the western world a generation of young adults raised in an era of virtually full employment will experience something not seen since their grandparents were kids - a full-blown economic slump.
And the impact will indeed be global. In China the 20th anniversary of the violent suppression of the Tiananmen protests will be marked by a new wave of street protest. This time not from student democrats, but from furious laid-off workers suddenly out of love with the market economy.
Can you foresee any entertaining events/developments in 2009?
England will win back the Ashes in a glorious summer of cricket. Did I say realism was here to stay?
Who do you most want to interview in 2009?
Robert Mugabe. If you'll allow me to indulge in a little wishful thinking, I imagine him announcing his decision to go in the middle of a tense encounter on the BBC's HARDtalk.
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What will be the biggest story in 2009?
The honeymoon will last: I think the biggest story here will be the Obama administration's transformation of American life. Americans, buffeted by events at home and abroad, are willing to let the new team have a go at trying their solutions.
It'll be non-ideological in appearance - that is Obama's way - but I think America will look and feel very different by the end of the year with genuine progress made towards much wider access to healthcare, and a new respect for science and rational solutions to problems.
What are you looking forward to most?
I am looking forward to seeing the Republicans re-group. One of the biggest issues here is going to be the shape of the new party as it gets itself going again and the fight between Sarah Palin and her supporters and the other wings of the party will be fascinating - it will begin as the year ends (with the mid-term elections then less than a year away).
What are you looking forward to least?
Leaving America. (Justin will be returning to the UK to present the Today programme on BBC Radio 4.)
Can you foresee any entertaining events/developments in 2009?
We will be visited by strangers from another planet. Perhaps.
Who do you most want to interview in 2009?
Vice-President Joe Biden. He is famously ill-disciplined when it comes to staying on message and just might say something newsworthy.
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What will be the biggest story in 2009?
The effects of the worldwide economic slowdown. What impact will it have on key international initiatives - everything from moves to cut greenhouse gas emissions to badly needed aid programmes in places from Afghanistan to the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In Africa, can Robert Mugabe really continue to hold on to power? Or will Zimbabwe implode?
What are you looking forward to most?
I am really looking forward to seeing what will be the impact of a new US administration headed by Barack Obama on intractable conflicts such as the Middle East peace process; age-old rivalries between India and Pakistan; and the violence described by the US as genocide in Darfur. What difference can a new diplomacy and a president described as "transformational" make?
What are you looking forward to least?
The media frenzy around Barack Obama will continue with every "first" trip to every country and crisis. It may drown out other voices and strategies already in place on the ground.
In 2008, wherever I travelled around the world there was a sense of waiting for the next US president. Will this, over time, create resentments about America's might and also irritate other players like Russia and Europe, if not China?
Can you foresee any entertaining events/developments in 2009?
Barack Obama's first trip to Kenya. Bill Clinton travelling with Hillary as the spouse of the Secretary of State. And will Prince William and Kate Middleton marry? Also, will the shoe protest started by the Iraqi journalist who threw his at President Bush, continue to gather steam with shoes being thrown everywhere?
Who do you most want to interview in 2009?
Taleban leaders to find out what they really want in Afghanistan.
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What will be the biggest story in 2009?
The biggest story in 2009 will be not the recession, which is a certainty, but any short term recovery - which would be a big surprise. The governments of the G7 have thrown everything they have at the financial crisis, we've had about $1 trillion in debt write-off and maybe $12 trillion worth of nationalisations and credit guarantees.
There is a chance - just a chance - that this will induce a V-shaped recession: short and sharp. But if, by the end of the year the arrows are pointing downwards, then a whole series of secondary effects will kick in that make a severe and long recession likely.
What are you looking forward to most?
What I am looking forward to most is the US legal system moving into the indictment stage on some of the people at the top of the banking and insurance industry who clearly mis-stated the scale of their liabilities.
I am also looking forward to seeing the Chinese leadership grapple with a rising tide of wage demands from its restive workforce - I think this is now on the cards.
What are you looking forward to least?
What I'm looking forward to least is the impact of unemployment: it will not be the wiping out of whole industrial towns that we lived through in the 1980s, instead it will take out demographic slices.
The generation least prepared for it are young people - anybody who's got used to buying drinks at the pub on a credit card is going to have a very sobering time. In the dole queue nobody asks you whether you want whipped cream or an extra shot. I am not looking forward to how people will react.
Can you foresee any entertaining events/developments in 2009?
What's going to be fun? Not much! I am looking forward to the release of the movie of Atlas Shrugged with Angelina Jolie, but for kitsch value rather than anything else. It's all about why free market capitalism is a great idea, and state intervention terrible. Perfect timing.
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What will be the biggest story in 2009?
The testing of Barack Obama as President. When he moves from the calm of formulating his vision as a candidate to the storm of providing leadership as president.
What will he be able to change in the United States and in the wider world?
What are you looking forward to most?
Any unambiguous sign that change is taking hold - change in Zimbabwe; change in the Middle East; change in the governance and supervision of the financial sector; change in Iran; change in Afghanistan and in Pakistan
What are you looking forward to least?
Hearing empty rhetoric from any number of leaders. Worse still "pledges" to deliver at some time in the future on climate change and limiting carbon emissions, or promises to deliver the Millennium Development Goals, unless those leaders can show conclusive evidence that they are on track to meet existing pledges.
Can you foresee any entertaining events/developments in 2009?
This will be the Year of the Gorilla - part of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Three of the four gorilla species are listed as "critically endangered". They are victims of man's exploitation of the earth's resources... yet they are relatives, aren't they?
Who do you most want to interview in 2009?
Barack Obama, obviously. Any of China's top leadership. North Korea's leader, Kim Jung-Il, to assess his health, as much as anything else. And Stevie Wonder - an inspiration to many and and a believer in the power of music as a force for good.
Our correspondents will discussing what 2009 may bring on The Correspondent's Look Ahead on BBC Radio 4. Listen live at 20.00 GMT, Friday, 2 January 2009 or catch up on the BBC iPlayer.
Also, you too can share your thoughts for the year ahead on Listener's Look Ahead, from 13.15 GMT on Saturday, 3 January 2009 on BBC Radio 4. E-mail the programme at lookahead@bbc.co.uk or call in live on the day on 03700 100 444 (Calls cost no more than calling 01 and 02 geographic landline numbers. Lines open at 12:30 GMT on Saturday, 3 January.)
Israel says it is ready for "long weeks of action" as it continues its fiercest air assault on Gaza for decades to stamp out militant rocket attacks.
Palestinian officials say 10 people died in the latest attacks, taking the death toll to over 360 since Saturday. Four Israelis have died in rocket fire.
Israeli Interior Minister Meir Sheetrit rejected any ceasefire until the threat of rockets was removed completely.
A UN human rights monitor accused Israel of "shocking atrocities".
Richard Falk - the special rapporteur for human rights in the Palestinian territories - said the international community must put more pressure on Israel to end its attacks on Gaza.
"Israel is committing a shocking series of atrocities by using modern weaponry against a defenceless population - attacking a population that has been enduring a severe blockade for many months," Mr Falk said in a BBC interview.
The UN says at least 62 of the Palestinians killed so far have been women and children, and it is calling for an investigation into attacks which causing heavy civilian casualties.
Coastal clash
Israeli jets attacked targets linked to the Hamas movement, which controls the Gaza Strip, for a fourth day, hitting a number of government buildings and security installations.
Forty people were said to have been wounded in Tuesday's raids.
"The Israeli army must not stop the operation before breaking the will of the Palestinians, of Hamas, to continue to fire at Israel," Mr Sheetrit told Israel Radio.
The Israeli military "has made preparations for long weeks of action," added Matan Vilnai, a deputy defence minister, in another interview.
One air strike on Tuesday killed two sisters, the oldest aged 11, riding in a donkey cart in Beit Hanoun, northern Gaza, Palestinian medical sources said.
Separately, Israeli naval vessels confronted pro-Palestinian activists seeking to break the Gaza blockade by boat about 45 miles (70 kilometres) off the Israeli coast in international waters.
The activists said one vessel had rammed them after they ignored warnings to turn back. Their boat, carrying 3.5 tonnes of medical aid, is now trying to reach Lebanon.
Israel has massed forces along the boundary with Gaza and political leaders have not ruled out ground operations.
The Egyptian-Gaza border was sealed on Tuesday morning after trucks carrying aid and some wounded Palestinians were allowed to cross on Monday.
European Union foreign ministers are scheduled to to meet in Paris later (1730 GMT) to discuss the escalating crisis.
The meeting, hosted by French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, is expected to consider the idea of an humanitarian aid corridor, and how to bring additional aid to Gaza's beleaguered 1.5m population.
Angry protests
Dozens of centres of Hamas strength, including security compounds, government offices and tunnels into Egypt, have been hit since Israel started its massive bombing campaign on Saturday morning.
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Israel says its aim is to end the rocket attacks by Hamas-linked militants - of which there have more than 60 since Monday morning.
There have been angry protests against the offensive in many cities across the Arab world and in several European capitals.
The strikes began less than a week after the expiry of a six-month-long ceasefire deal with Hamas, which has controlled Gaza since 2007.
Analysts say Israeli political leaders were under pressure to act against rocket fire with a general election looming in early February.
Israel dismantled its strategic settlements and military bases in Gaza in 2005 but has kept tight control over access in and out of the narrow coastal strip and its airspace.
Barack Obama's choice of words as he announced new officials for his climate and energy team at the weekend could hardly have been more pointed.
Success isn't just down to "ensuring the facts and evidence are never twisted or obscured by politics or ideology," he said; "it's about listening to what our scientists have to say even when it's inconvenient - especially when it's inconvenient".
In other words; in contrast to my predecessor, I'll listen to the same scientists that Al Gore listens to, and I'll act on what they say.
In fact, by appointing scientists such as John Holdren to his inner circle - "one of the most passionate and persistent voices of our time about the growing threat of climate change" - the president-elect has ensured that some of those voices will be in his ear all the time.
Whatever your views on climate change, there's no doubt that the switch from the Bush to Obama administrations promises a massive seachange in environmental politics.
It could bring changes in all sorts of issues, including management of the oceans, a particular interest of Jane Lubchenco who comes in as head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa). Some US fisheries are among the best managed in the world and spreading that sort of knowledge could restrain the free-for-all that still pertains in many of the world's fishing grounds.
But there's little doubt that the first significant action will occur in the arena of climate change.
Mr Bush is often referred to as a president who didn't accept that humans were changing the climate; but at least in public, he did, as long ago as 2001. His administration also endorsed two major reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 and 2007 - the latter concluding it was "very likely" that human activities were changing the climate.
But he stopped short of endorsing strong domestic or international action to cut emissions. His administration pursued agreements through bodies such as the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate and the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation forum (Apec) that would have allowed emissions to rise.
At the Asia-Pacific Partnership's inaugural meeting in Sydney in 2006, Mr Bush's energy secretary Samuel Bodman said the private sector would solve the climate problem because industry heads cared about the future.
From 20 January, the approach will be radically different.
The domestic long-term climate goal of reducing emissions by 80% from 1990 levels by 2050 is ambitious and in line with IPCC science. But by 2050, Mr Obama will be long gone from office, and so what he manages to implement during the only four years he is assured of having in office is, perhaps, more pertinent.
If he follows through on the strategy he mapped out during his election campaign, the domestic measures we can expect to see over the next couple of years include:
Pledging is, of course, much easier than acting. Over the last month we have seen European leaders watering down their much-vaunted climate and energy package, and Australia (where Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has changed climate policy just as Mr Obama intends to) adopting emissions targets for 2020 well below the 25-40% range that the IPCC recommends - both in response to business pressures.
Mr Obama will not be immune from similar pressures. The two key advantages he holds, I would suggest, are the traditional honeymoon that most change-espousing leaders enjoy when they enter office, and the fact that US energy efficiency is so poor that it should be possible to make some major fuel-saving improvements at minimal cost.
On the international scene, he has pledged to "re-engage" with the UN process, and that has been warmly welcomed in a number of capitals.
So far, all has been sweetness. But that is not guaranteed to continue.
Developing countries might say - indeed, did say at the recent UN climate talks in Poland - that they have been looking for US leadership on the issue.
But that doesn't necessarily mean they will be happy to follow where Mr Obama wants to lead them. At a news conference during the UN talks, John Kerry - a key ally - emphasised that the US will only approve a new global deal if major developing countries accept some form of restrictions on their own emissions.
Mr Kerry's words were generally written up in positive terms by the media. But putting on a more sceptical hat, there were hints of an uncompromising US that would, as it does on so many other issues, be attempting to set an agenda that the rest of the world should follow.
And this, I think, is the problem that may lie ahead for Mr Obama. Applauding his intention to lead is one thing; but it's entirely possible that the tight timescale of the UN climate process will quickly lead to a situation where the US is demanding - or being seen to demand - that developing countries must sign up to this or that, or there won't be a deal.
That's particularly true in the light of recent research showing that carbon cuts in developed countries alone cannot lead to the kind of global reductions that the IPCC believes are necessary to avoid "dangerous" climate change.
However fresh and fragrant Mr Obama wants to appear, the US is still the US, with an image formed over a much longer timespan than a single presidency.
In some capitals, it is still seen as the country that more than any other has developed economically on the back of carbon emissions that now threaten to wreak climatic carnage on the poor, and thus has no right to tell anyone else to do until it pays some penance for its history.
If governments are to agree a new global deal on climate change by the end of next year, the US is going to have to listen as well as to lead; and that, perhaps, ought to be the first piece of advice that Dr Holdren gives his new president.






